Imunoglobulín

Imunoglobulín is the scientific term for antibody. Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins produced by a type of white blood cell called a B cell, which is part of the body's immune system. Their primary function is to identify and neutralize foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. When an antibody encounters a foreign invader, it binds to it, marking it for destruction by other immune cells or directly neutralizing its harmful effects.

There are five main classes of human antibodies, each with slightly different structures and functions: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE. IgG is the most abundant in the blood and is crucial for fighting infections. IgM is the first antibody produced during an infection. IgA is found in secretions like saliva, tears, and breast milk, offering protection at mucosal surfaces. IgD plays a role in B cell activation. IgE is involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasites.

The production of antibodies is a key component of adaptive immunity, meaning the immune system "learns" to recognize specific threats and mount a targeted response. This is the principle behind vaccination, where a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen is introduced to stimulate antibody production without causing illness. Imunoglobulín levels can be measured in blood tests to assess immune function and diagnose various conditions, including immune deficiencies and autoimmune disorders. In some cases, therapeutic antibodies are administered to patients to help fight infections or treat certain diseases.