Immuunfunktsioon

Immuunfunktsioon refers to the complex biological system and processes that protect an organism from disease. It involves a coordinated response by various cells, tissues, and organs to identify and eliminate pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The immune system also plays a role in recognizing and neutralizing abnormal cells, such as cancer cells, and in clearing cellular debris.

The immune system has two main branches: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system provides a rapid, non-specific defense that is present from birth. It includes physical barriers like skin, chemical defenses like stomach acid, and cellular components like phagocytes. The adaptive immune system is slower to develop but provides a more specific and long-lasting defense. It is characterized by its ability to recognize specific antigens on pathogens and mount a targeted response, including the production of antibodies and memory cells that allow for a quicker response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

Key components of the immune system include white blood cells (leukocytes) such as lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and NK cells), granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils), and monocytes. Organs like the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes are crucial for the development, maturation, and function of immune cells. A healthy immuunfunktsioon is essential for survival, while a compromised immune system can lead to increased susceptibility to infections and diseases. Conversely, an overactive immune system can result in autoimmune disorders or allergies.