Holográfia

Holografia is a technique that allows a light field, typically the one scattered by an object, to be recorded and later reconstructed. The term "holography" comes from the Greek words "holos" meaning "whole" and "graphe" meaning "writing". Unlike a photograph, which records only the intensity of light, a hologram records both the intensity and the phase of the light waves. This phase information is crucial for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the object.

The process of creating a hologram involves splitting a laser beam into two parts. One part, the object beam, illuminates the object and then strikes a recording medium, such as photographic film. The other part, the reference beam, is directed straight onto the recording medium. The interference pattern created by the interaction of these two beams on the recording medium is what constitutes the hologram. When this recorded interference pattern is illuminated by the reference beam, it diffracts the light in such a way that it reconstructs the original light field, creating a three-dimensional image of the object.

Holograms can be viewed from different angles, revealing different perspectives of the object, much like looking at a real object. This property makes holography useful for scientific imaging, data storage, security features, and art. Different types of holograms exist, including transmission holograms, which are viewed by shining light through them, and reflection holograms, which are viewed by shining light onto them.