Hepatotoksilisuse

Hepatotoksilisus refers to the adverse effects of chemical substances on the liver. The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous metabolic processes, including detoxification of harmful compounds. When the liver is exposed to hepatotoxic agents, its normal functions can be impaired, leading to a range of health issues.

These toxic effects can manifest in various ways. Some substances can cause direct damage to liver cells (hepatocytes), leading to inflammation and cell death. Others may disrupt the liver's metabolic pathways, impairing its ability to process nutrients, produce bile, or detoxify other substances. Certain chemicals can trigger an immune response against liver cells, resulting in autoimmune hepatitis.

The causes of hepatotoxicity are diverse and can include medications, environmental toxins, alcohol, and certain natural products. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common form of hepatotoxicity, where prescribed or over-the-counter drugs cause liver damage. This can range from mild, reversible enzyme elevations to severe liver failure requiring transplantation.

Symptoms of hepatotoxicity can vary depending on the severity and cause, but may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. Diagnosis typically involves liver function tests, imaging studies, and sometimes liver biopsy. Prevention and management strategies focus on identifying and avoiding hepatotoxic agents, early detection of liver injury, and supportive care.