Hátadását

Hátadását is a Hungarian term that translates to "back donation" in English. It is primarily used in chemistry, specifically in the context of chemical bonding and molecular orbital theory. This phenomenon describes a type of interaction where electrons from a filled or partially filled orbital on one atom or group are donated into an empty or partially filled orbital on another atom or group. This donation typically occurs in the opposite direction of a standard sigma bond formation, where electrons are shared between two atoms.

In many cases, hátadását is observed in systems involving atoms with lone pairs of electrons and atoms with vacant p or d orbitals. For instance, it plays a role in the bonding of certain organometallic compounds and in the stabilization of carbocations. The electron-donating atom effectively donates electron density to the electron-accepting atom, which can alter the electron distribution within the molecule, influencing its reactivity and stability. This back donation can be considered a form of pi bonding, where the donated electrons occupy pi or pi-like molecular orbitals. Understanding hátadását is crucial for predicting and explaining the structure, bonding, and properties of various chemical species.