Gewebeabstoßung

Gewebeabstoßung refers to the immunological rejection of transplanted tissue or organs by the recipient's immune system. This occurs because the recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted tissue as foreign, due to differences in antigens, particularly human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), between the donor and recipient. When the immune system identifies these foreign antigens, it mounts an attack to destroy the transplanted tissue.

There are several types of graft rejection. Hyperacute rejection happens very rapidly, within minutes to hours after transplantation, and is caused by pre-existing antibodies in the recipient's blood that immediately attack the donor organ. Acute rejection typically occurs within days to months after transplantation and involves T-cell mediated immunity. Chronic rejection is a slower process that can occur over months to years, leading to gradual damage and loss of function of the transplanted organ.

To prevent or manage Gewebeabstoßung, immunosuppressive medications are administered to the recipient. These drugs work by suppressing the activity of the immune system, thereby reducing its ability to attack the transplanted organ. However, immunosuppression also increases the recipient's susceptibility to infections and other complications. Close monitoring of the transplanted organ's function and regular medical check-ups are crucial to detect and manage rejection episodes early.