Folyamatállapotok

Folyamatállapotok, in English process states, refers to the different stages a process goes through during its execution within an operating system. These states are fundamental to understanding how an operating system manages and schedules tasks. The most common states include new, ready, running, waiting, and terminated.

A process begins in the new state when it is first created. Once created, it enters the ready state, indicating that it is waiting to be assigned to a processor for execution. The running state signifies that the process is currently being executed by the CPU. A process can transition from ready to running when the operating system's scheduler selects it.

A process may enter the waiting state if it needs to wait for some event to occur, such as the completion of an I/O operation or the availability of a resource. While in the waiting state, the process cannot proceed. Once the event it was waiting for occurs, the process transitions back to the ready state, awaiting another turn in the running state.

Finally, a process enters the terminated state when it has finished its execution or has been explicitly terminated. This state marks the end of the process's lifecycle. The operating system then reclaims the resources that were allocated to the process. The transitions between these states are managed by the operating system's process scheduler, which aims to maximize CPU utilization and system throughput.