Flaviinimononukleotidia

Flaviinimononukleotidia, also known as flavin mononucleotide (FMN), is an organic compound that is a crucial component of various coenzymes found in living organisms. It is a prosthetic group of certain flavoproteins, which are enzymes that catalyze redox reactions. FMN is composed of a riboflavin molecule (vitamin B2) attached to a single phosphate group.

In biological systems, FMN plays a vital role in electron transport chains and metabolic processes. It acts as an electron acceptor and donor, facilitating the transfer of electrons in numerous enzymatic reactions. For instance, FMN is a key component of NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase, enzymes involved in cellular respiration. It is also found in photolyases, enzymes that repair DNA damage caused by UV radiation.

The synthesis of FMN occurs through the phosphorylation of riboflavin, a process catalyzed by the enzyme riboflavin kinase. FMN can then be further converted to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), another important coenzyme, by the enzyme FAD synthetase. Both FMN and FAD are essential for a wide range of metabolic activities, including carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, as well as DNA replication and repair. Deficiencies in riboflavin, and consequently FMN and FAD, can lead to various health problems.