Faasisiirded

Faasisiirded refers to phase transitions in physics, which are physical processes where a substance changes from one state of matter to another. These transitions occur when a system's state variables, such as temperature or pressure, are altered to a point where the stable phase changes. Common examples include melting, boiling, freezing, and condensation.

During a phase transition, the substance absorbs or releases energy, known as latent heat, without a change in temperature. For instance, when ice melts into water at 0 degrees Celsius, it absorbs latent heat of fusion. Similarly, water boiling into steam at 100 degrees Celsius absorbs latent heat of vaporization. These transitions are typically reversible.

Phase diagrams are graphical representations that illustrate the conditions of temperature and pressure under which different phases of a substance exist in equilibrium. They show the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gaseous phases, as well as critical points and triple points.

While the most familiar phase transitions involve changes between solid, liquid, and gas states, other types exist, such as transitions between different solid crystalline structures, magnetic phase transitions (like ferromagnetism to paramagnetism), and superconducting transitions. Understanding faasisiirded is crucial in various scientific and engineering fields, including materials science, thermodynamics, and meteorology.