FMNs

FMNs, or Flavin Mononucleotides, are a class of organic compounds that are derivatives of riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2. FMN consists of a riboflavin molecule linked to a single phosphate group. It is a biologically active form of riboflavin and plays a crucial role as a prosthetic group in various enzymes involved in redox reactions. These enzymes are essential for numerous metabolic processes within living organisms, including cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

FMN functions as a cofactor, meaning it binds to an enzyme and is necessary for its catalytic activity. It is adept at accepting and donating electrons, which is fundamental to its role in enzymatic redox reactions. The flavin moiety of FMN is responsible for this electron transfer capability. These reactions are vital for energy production in cells and for the detoxification of certain substances.

In biological systems, FMN is synthesized from riboflavin through a phosphorylation process catalyzed by the enzyme riboflavin kinase. It can then bind to apoenzymes to form active flavoenzymes. Examples of enzymes that utilize FMN include NADH dehydrogenase and nitric oxide synthase. The presence and activity of FMN are therefore critical for maintaining cellular health and function.