Exocystin

Exocystin is a protein toxin produced by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. It is a member of the family of pore-forming toxins, also known as cytolysins. Exocystin is secreted by Listeria as a monomer and, upon binding to specific receptors on the host cell membrane, oligomerizes to form a pore. This pore formation disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane, leading to the leakage of cellular contents and ultimately cell death. The precise mechanism of exocystin binding and pore formation is still under investigation, but it is known to involve cholesterol in the target cell membrane. Exocystin plays a role in the pathogenesis of Listeria infections by facilitating the entry of the bacteria into host cells and contributing to tissue damage. While it is a virulence factor for Listeria, research into exocystin and similar toxins has also provided insights into membrane biology and the mechanisms of cellular damage. Understanding exocystin's function is crucial for developing strategies to combat Listeria infections.