Endomycor

Endomycor is a common type of mycorrhizal association between fungi and plant roots. The term "endo" refers to the fact that the fungal hyphae penetrate the plant root cells, forming structures within them. These fungi are also known as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) because they produce characteristic branched structures called arbuscules inside the root cells, which serve as the primary site of nutrient exchange.

Endomycorrhizal associations are widespread and found in a vast majority of terrestrial plants, including many crops and wild plant species. The symbiosis is mutualistic, meaning both the fungus and the plant benefit. The fungus, which cannot produce its own food, receives carbohydrates (sugars) from the plant. In return, the plant gains enhanced access to nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, from the soil. The fungal hyphae extend far beyond the plant's root system, effectively increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption.

These fungi play a crucial role in plant health and ecosystem functioning. They can improve plant drought tolerance, disease resistance, and overall growth. The presence of endomycorrhizal fungi can also influence soil structure and aggregation. Reproduction of endomycorrhizal fungi occurs through spores, which can be dispersed by wind, water, or animals. The establishment of this symbiosis is vital for the survival and success of many plant communities.