Cofaktör

Cofaktör is a term used in various scientific contexts, primarily in biology and chemistry, to describe a non-protein chemical compound that is essential for the biological activity of an enzyme. These molecules bind to enzymes and are required for the enzyme to catalyze a specific reaction. Cofactors can be broadly categorized into two main types: inorganic ions and organic molecules known as coenzymes.

Inorganic cofactors are typically metal ions such as magnesium, zinc, iron, or copper. These ions often play a crucial role in stabilizing the enzyme's structure or facilitating the transfer of electrons during a reaction. For example, magnesium ions are frequently found bound to enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair.

Organic cofactors, or coenzymes, are more complex molecules, often derived from vitamins. Examples include NAD+, FAD, and coenzyme A. These coenzymes frequently act as carriers of specific chemical groups, such as hydrogen atoms, electrons, or acyl groups, shuttling them between different enzymes and substrates. Without their associated cofactor, many enzymes would be inactive, highlighting the critical role these molecules play in cellular metabolism and a vast array of biochemical processes.