CUL4D

CUL4D is a gene that encodes a protein belonging to the CULLIN4 family of scaffold proteins. These proteins are crucial components of the CUL4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, a major cellular machinery responsible for protein degradation. The CUL4D protein specifically acts as a core scaffold, bringing together various substrate recognition proteins and the RING-box protein RBX1 to form functional E3 ligase complexes. These complexes target specific proteins for ubiquitination, a post-translational modification that marks them for destruction by the proteasome. The precise substrates and functions of CUL4D-containing complexes are diverse and are involved in a wide range of cellular processes. These include DNA replication and repair, cell cycle control, chromatin remodeling, and transcriptional regulation. Dysregulation of CUL4D and its associated complexes has been implicated in various human diseases, including cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, and immunological conditions. Research into CUL4D continues to uncover its intricate roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and its potential as a therapeutic target.