COX42

COX42 refers to a specific isoform of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4. Cytochrome c oxidase, also known as Complex IV, is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It plays a crucial role in cellular respiration by catalyzing the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen, producing water and pumping protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives ATP synthesis.

The COX4 gene family has multiple members, and COX42 is one of these subunits. Different isoforms of COX4 can be expressed in a tissue-specific or developmental-stage-specific manner. These variations in subunit composition can potentially modulate the enzymatic activity, kinetic properties, or assembly of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. This suggests that COX42 may contribute to specific functional adaptations of the respiratory chain in certain cellular contexts. Research into the precise role and regulation of COX42 is ongoing, aiming to elucidate its contribution to cellular energy metabolism and its potential involvement in various physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding the functional significance of different COX4 isoforms like COX42 is important for a comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial bioenergetics.