CD115

CD115, also known as CSF3R or colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor, is a transmembrane protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is primarily expressed on myeloid cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. The protein acts as a receptor for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a cytokine that stimulates the production, maturation, and function of granulocytes, particularly neutrophils.

Upon binding of G-CSF to CD115, the receptor dimerizes and activates intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways lead to changes in gene expression that promote cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and the release of antimicrobial agents. Consequently, CD115 is vital for the effective defense against bacterial and fungal infections. Its expression is tightly regulated, and alterations in its function or signaling can have significant implications for immune homeostasis and disease. Dysregulation of CD115 has been implicated in various hematological disorders, including certain types of leukemia and neutropenia.