Bólgur

Bólgur is the Icelandic term for inflammations; it is the plural form of bólga. In medical contexts, bólga describes the body's protective response to tissue injury, infection, or irritation, typically manifesting as redness, heat, swelling, pain, and sometimes loss of function. Bólgur can be acute or chronic and may affect any tissue or organ.

Causes and forms include infections, trauma, autoimmune diseases, allergies, or chronic irritation. Localized examples include cellulitis, arthritis, or tendinitis; systemic inflammation can accompany fever and malaise. Pathophysiology involves the release of mediators such as cytokines, histamine, and prostaglandins, leading to vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and leukocyte recruitment.

Diagnosis and treatment rely on clinical examination and may be supported by tests such as C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and imaging to identify location and cause. Treatment targets the underlying cause and provides symptom relief: NSAIDs for mild cases; corticosteroids in selected conditions; antibiotics for bacterial infections; drainage of abscesses; rest and physical therapy as needed. The term bólgur is used in Icelandic medical literature; singular form is bólga, plural bólgur, paralleling the English terms inflammation and inflammations.