Apuhengityslihaksina

Apuhengityslihaksina, also known as the diaphragm, is a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs. It plays a crucial role in the process of breathing, acting as the primary muscle responsible for inhalation and aiding in exhalation. The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve, which originates from the C3 and C4 cervical spinal cord segments.

The diaphragm is composed of two layers of muscle fibers: the internal and external oblique muscles. These fibers are arranged in a crisscross pattern, which allows for the muscle to contract and expand, facilitating the movement of the lungs. The central tendon of the diaphragm attaches to the sternum, ribs, and spine, providing a stable base for the muscle's action.

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, flattening and expanding the chest cavity. This action increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing air to flow into the lungs. During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, returning to its dome shape and reducing the volume of the thoracic cavity. This process helps to expel air from the lungs.

The diaphragm is essential for normal breathing and is also involved in other physiological functions, such as coughing, sneezing, and vomiting. Dysfunction of the diaphragm can lead to respiratory disorders, including diaphragmatic paralysis and diaphragmatic hernias. Proper functioning of the diaphragm is vital for maintaining overall health and well-being.