Abrolhos

The Abrolhos is a group of coral islands and atolls located in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, approximately 180 kilometers off the coast of the state of Bahia, Brazil. The archipelago consists of five main islands—Santa Isabel, Santa Bárbara, São João, São Pedro, and Ratones—and several smaller islets, forming part of the Abrolhos Marine National Park. The name "Abrolhos" originates from the Portuguese term for "shoals," referencing the treacherous underwater rocks that pose hazards to navigation.

The Abrolhos archipelago is renowned for its exceptional biodiversity, serving as a critical habitat for marine life. The region is home to over 600 species of fish, including endangered species such as the hawksbill sea turtle (*Eretmochelys imbricata*) and the green sea turtle (*Chelonia mydas*). The coral reefs, among the most diverse in the Atlantic, support a wide range of invertebrates, birds, and marine mammals. The area is also a key nesting site for sea turtles, attracting thousands of individuals annually.

Ecologically, the Abrolhos archipelago plays a vital role in maintaining the health of the Western South Atlantic ecosystem. It is classified as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, highlighting its global significance. The region faces threats from climate change, pollution, and overfishing, prompting conservation efforts to protect its fragile environment.

Tourism in the Abrolhos is regulated to minimize human impact. Visitors can explore the islands through guided excursions, which emphasize sustainable practices such as avoiding coral contact and proper waste disposal. Research and monitoring programs are ongoing to ensure the long-term preservation of this unique marine ecosystem.