10formilTHF

10formyltetrahydrofolate, often abbreviated as 10-formyl-THF or FTHF, is a crucial derivative of tetrahydrofolate (THF). Tetrahydrofolate itself is a coenzyme involved in one-carbon metabolism, a vital biochemical pathway essential for the synthesis of nucleotides and certain amino acids. 10-formyl-THF specifically serves as a carrier of a formyl group, which is a single carbon atom attached to an oxygen atom. This formyl group can be transferred to other molecules in various biosynthetic reactions.

In the context of purine biosynthesis, 10-formyl-THF plays a pivotal role. It donates its formyl group to a precursor molecule, contributing to the construction of the purine ring system. Purines are fundamental components of DNA and RNA, as well as important signaling molecules like ATP. The metabolic pathway leading to the formation of 10-formyl-THF typically involves the enzyme folyltransferase, which adds a formyl group to THF.

The interconversion between different folate forms, including 10-formyl-THF, is a dynamic process regulated by specific enzymes. These interconversions ensure the availability of the correct one-carbon units for various cellular processes. Disruptions in folate metabolism, including the levels or function of 10-formyl-THF, can have significant implications for cell growth, DNA replication, and overall health, and are often linked to conditions like megaloblastic anemia.