zmieniajcych

Zmieniajcych (often written with diacritics as zmieniających) is the present active participle of the Polish verb zmieniać, meaning "changing" or "those who change." It functions as an adjective-like form derived from a verb, used to describe people or things involved in a change. In standard Polish, the participle declines like an adjective and agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case.

Morphology and forms

The base form is zmieniający (masculine singular nominative). Feminine singular is zmieniająca, neuter singular is zmieniające. In plural and different cases, forms include zmieniających (genitive plural or accusative plural), zmieniających (the participle’s genitive plural form is commonly seen in noun phrases), and other inflected variants depending on grammatical context. The ASCII variant without diacritics, zmieniajcych, is sometimes encountered in older texts or in technical writing that omits diacritics, but standard Polish uses zmieniających with the proper letters.

Usage

As a present active participle, zmieniajcych describes actors or states of ongoing change. It is found in literary and analytical prose to denote processes of change, such as changes in opinions, plans, or conditions. The form can appear in phrases like osób zmieniających zdanie (people who are changing their minds) or in descriptions of dynamic processes within a group or system. The participle expresses aspectual nuance tied to the verb zmieniać, emphasizing ongoing or habitual change rather than completed change.

See also

Polish grammar: present active participles (imiesłowy współczesne); zmieniać; imperfective vs. perfective aspect.

Note: The diacritic-free rendering zmieniajcych is less common in polished writing and is mainly a technical or historical convention.