waxesmelting

Waxes melting refers to the physical process by which solid waxes absorb heat and change into liquids. This phase transition occurs at a characteristic melting point, which varies by wax type and chemical composition. Most waxes are mixtures of long-chain hydrocarbons and esters, with crystalline structures that determine their solid form and how they melt.

Melting points vary widely among common waxes. Paraffin wax typically melts around 46–68 °C, beeswax about 62–65 °C, and soy wax roughly 49–58 °C. Carnauba wax melts at a higher range, near 82–86 °C, while microcrystalline wax commonly falls between 60–80 °C. Blending waxes or adding additives such as stearic acid or other waxes can raise or lower the melting point and influence hardness and melt rate. When heated, crystal lattices disrupt and the material becomes a viscous liquid.

Applications rely on controlled melting and solidifying behavior. In candle making, precise melting and pouring create a smooth melt pool and consistent fragrance release. Waxes are also used in cosmetics for thickening and texture, and in coatings for fruits and foods to provide barrier properties.

Thermal behavior is endothermic: melting absorbs heat, and complete melting yields a homogeneous liquid, while partial melting can produce slurries. Upon cooling, waxes crystallize into specific structures that affect texture, opacity, and fragrance retention.

Handling and safety involve gradual heating, preferably with a double boiler, to avoid overheating. Keep wax away from open flames and moisture, and maintain proper ventilation. Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.