võttanud

Võttanud is an Estonian verb form. It is the past active participle of the verb võtma, which means "to take" or "to get." The past active participle in Estonian is used to describe an action that has been completed by the subject and whose effect continues to the present, or to form compound tenses. In the case of võttanud, it describes someone or something that has taken or received something. For example, in the sentence "Ta on võtnud raamatu," which translates to "He has taken a book," võtnud functions as part of the perfect tense. It indicates that the action of taking the book is completed and the book is now in the possession of the subject. The form võttanud can also be used attributively, modifying a noun. For instance, "võtnud koormus" might refer to a burden that has been taken on. The specific grammatical case and number of võttanud would change depending on its function within the sentence, but the base form itself signifies the past active participle. Understanding this form is crucial for comprehending Estonian verb conjugation and sentence structure, particularly when discussing completed actions and their ongoing consequences.