utrudnionym

Utrudnionym is the instrumental singular masculine form of the Polish adjective utrudniony, which comes from the verb utrudnić meaning to hinder or impede. The adjective describes something that has been made difficult, obstructed, or less accessible. It is widely used in everyday language as well as in official and journalism texts to indicate that a process, condition, or access has been hindered.

In Polish grammar, utrudniony has distinct forms for gender and number in the nominative: masculine singular utrudniony, feminine utrudniona, neuter utrudnione; the instrumental singular masculine form is utrudnionym, used with nouns in the instrumental case. The form utrudnionym is commonly found after prepositions that require instrumental or in predicates describing a situation, such as after the preposition z (with) in the phrase z utrudnionym dostępem (with hindered access).

Common usage and collocations include utrudniony dostęp (hindered access), utrudnione warunki (difficult conditions), and utrudniony ruch (congested or hindered traffic). The phrase dostępu do systemu był utrudniony is a typical construction in which the subject is described by the adjective in a predicate position.

Notes for learners: utrudniony is a standard, non-technical adjective; utrudnionym is not a proper noun or jargon, but a grammatical form used when referring to masculine nouns in the instrumental case. The meaning remains centered on something that has been made more difficult or obstructed.