utetemperatur

Utetemperatur, or outdoor air temperature, is the temperature of the ambient air outside, as measured by weather stations and reported by meteorological services. It is a key component of weather forecasts and daily climate summaries. Unlike surface or object temperatures, utetemperatur refers to air temperature in shade, not directly heated by the sun or cooled by surfaces.

Measurement: In standard meteorological practice, utetemperatur is measured with a thermometer or electronic sensor placed in a radiation shield to minimize direct solar heating, at a height of about 1.2 to 2 meters above ground in open, ventilated exposure. Readings are typically given in Celsius, with Fahrenheit used in some countries.

Determinants and variation: Outdoor air temperature is influenced by solar radiation, cloud cover, wind, humidity, and altitude. It follows a diurnal cycle, being warmer in the afternoon and cooler at night, with seasonal shifts. Urban areas often show higher night temperatures due to the urban heat island effect.

Applications: Utetemperatur is used in weather forecasts, climate statistics, agricultural planning, energy demand forecasting, and everyday decision making such as clothing choices and travel planning. It interacts with other measures like dew point and wind chill to describe thermal conditions.

Limitations: Air temperature alone does not determine thermal comfort or risk in extreme conditions; perceived temperature combines temperature, humidity, wind, and radiation (commonly called wind chill or heat index). For precise research, other metrics such as wet-bulb temperature may be considered.

In summary, utetemperatur is a fundamental, standardized measure of outdoor air temperature that supports weather information and planning across sectors.