urineelektrolyten

Urineelektrolyten, or urine electrolytes, are measurements of charged minerals in urine, most commonly sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and sometimes calcium, phosphate and magnesium. They reflect how the kidneys regulate electrolyte balance, acid–base status and body fluid volume.

Tests can use a random (spot) urine sample or a 24-hour collection. Results are given in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L) for individual ions, and can be interpreted as excretion rates or in ratios when combined with serum values. Spot measurements are influenced by recent intake and hydration; 24-hour collections estimate daily excretion.

Clinical use includes assessment of hyponatremia or hyperkalemia, evaluation of kidney function and volume status, monitoring diuretic therapy, and investigation of renal tubular disorders or acid–base abnormalities. Calculations such as the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) or potassium (FEK) help distinguish renal from extrarenal electrolyte losses; urine osmolality and urine chloride can aid interpretation.

Interpreting results requires context: high urinary sodium may indicate renal salt loss or diuretic use; low urinary potassium suggests extrarenal potassium loss; abnormal bicarbonate or alkaline urine can signal tubular dysfunction. Medication use, fluid status, and kidney function all influence values.

Limitations include collection quality, timing, and lab variability. There is no universal normal range; clinicians compare results to reference values provided by the testing laboratory and consider clinical context.