uppertorso

Uppertorso refers to the upper portion of the human trunk, extending from the base of the neck to the upper abdomen near the diaphragm. In anatomy and clinical contexts it encompasses the thorax and the shoulder girdle, including the chest and the upper back, and serves as the region where major muscles of respiration and arm movement are located.

Anatomy and structure

The bony framework of the uppertorso includes the clavicles, sternum, and ribs forming the thoracic cage, along with portions of the thoracic spine. The shoulder girdle connects the upper limbs to the trunk through the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints, with the glenohumeral joint enabling arm movement. Muscular anatomy features the pectoralis major and minor, deltoids, trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior, and the upper fibers of the latissimus dorsi, as well as the intercostal muscles between the ribs. Nerve supply primarily involves branches of the brachial plexus and intercostal nerves, while blood flow includes branches from arteries such as the internal thoracic and intercostal vessels.

Function and significance

The uppertorso supports breathing by expanding and contracting the thoracic cavity, aided by respiratory muscles. It also provides structural support and mobility for the arms and shoulders, enables posture maintenance, and protects thoracic organs such as the heart and lungs. This region is frequently evaluated in clinical assessments for musculoskeletal disorders, posture-related pain, and trauma affecting the chest, shoulders, or upper back.

Variations and applications

Anatomical variation is common in this region, influencing strength, flexibility, and susceptibility to injury. In clothing and anthropometry, measurements of the upper torso—such as chest circumference and torso length—inform sizing and garment construction. In art and education, the uppertorso is a central focus for studies of proportion, movement, and form.