toku

Tokusatsu, often shortened to "toku" in English-language fan communities, is a Japanese term meaning "special effects" and refers to live-action film and television that relies on practical effects rather than computer-generated imagery. It covers diverse genres including kaiju eiga (giant monster films), superhero series, and mecha shows. Common production techniques include suitmation (actors in creature costumes), model miniatures, pyrotechnics, and rear-screen projection. The term originated in postwar Japan, with early landmark works such as the 1954 film Godzilla (Gojira) signaling the rise of modern tokusatsu; the 1960s-70s saw the emergence of long-running franchises such as Ultraman (produced by Tsuburaya Productions) and, later, Kamen Rider and Super Sentai (both produced by Toei). These shows popularized transforming heroes, episodic storytelling, and monster-of-the-week formats, often featuring elaborate suit design and miniature sets.

Tokusatsu has had a substantial international footprint, influencing Western productions and giving rise to adaptations and licensed footage distributions, notably Power Rangers, which uses selected footage from Super Sentai. The genre remains active, with modern entries continuing to explore new technologies and storytelling approaches, while maintaining the practical effects ethos that define tokusatsu. In fan communities, toku is appreciated for its creative creature design, action choreography, and cultural significance within Japanese popular culture.