taillehematom

Tail hematoma, sometimes referred to by variants such as taillehematom, is a swelling resulting from the leakage of blood into the soft tissues of the tail after rupture of small blood vessels. It is most commonly observed in dogs but can occur in other domestic animals and, rarely, in humans.

Causes and risk factors include blunt trauma to the tail from impacts with objects or during rough play, tail injuries during fights, or iatrogenic manipulation. Repeated minor trauma, very long or high-activity tails, and underlying bleeding disorders can increase susceptibility. Infections may accompany a hematoma if the wound is contaminated.

Symptoms typically include a soft, fluctuant swelling at the base or along the tail, tail tenderness, and pain when the tail is touched or moved. The animal may be reluctant to wag or lift the tail. Bruising or warmth of the affected area can be present, and infection may lead to discharge.

Diagnosis is usually based on history and physical examination. A veterinarian may perform blood tests to assess for anemia or coagulation problems and may use imaging, such as ultrasound, to determine the hematoma’s extent and to rule out other conditions like tumors or fractures.

Treatment ranges from conservative to surgical. Small, non-infected hematomas can sometimes be drained or punctured with pressure bandaging and pain relief. Large, recurrent, or infected hematomas often require surgical removal of the hematoma tissue, closure of the wound, and in some cases amputation of part of the tail (caudectomy). Antibiotics may be used if infection is suspected.

Prognosis is generally good with appropriate treatment, though recurrence can occur. Prevention focuses on reducing tail trauma, addressing any underlying bleeding disorders, and ensuring safe environments to minimize incidents of tail injury.