survivalists

Survivalists are individuals who prepare for potential emergencies or disruptions to society by developing skills, plans, and supplies intended to maintain safety and independence during crisis. They focus on long‑term resilience and may anticipate natural disasters, economic downturns, or civil disturbances. Common practices include stockpiling food, water, and medical supplies; securing shelter and energy sources; learning survival skills such as first aid, navigation, fire-making, water purification, and shelter construction; and planning for both shelter-in-place and evacuation scenarios.

History and scope: The modern survivalist movement has roots in civil defense and bushcraft traditions and grew in the United States and elsewhere during the late 20th century. Increased online communities in the 2000s facilitated information sharing, product markets, and coordinated trainings. The movement encompasses hobbyists, families, and organized groups, with some emphasizing off-grid living and others focusing on preparedness within conventional economic systems.

Practices and culture: Survivalists may maintain stockpiles, bug-out bags, and redundancies in supplies, and may participate in survivalist or prepper networks, drills, and mutual aid. Skills emphasized often include food production, water security, shelter construction, medical readiness, and self-defense. Public visibility ranges from discreet personal preparedness to participation in media and conventions.

Criticism and discussion: Critics argue that some strands of preparedness verge on paranoia or hoarding and that emphasis on self-reliance can overlook communal and governmental response roles. Others question the practicality of extreme stockpiling, safety and legal concerns around firearms, and the potential for resource misallocation during crises. Proponents contend that prudent planning can reduce risk and improve community resilience.