subdukere

Subduction is a geological process in which one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate, sinking into the Earth's mantle. This process occurs at convergent boundaries, where two plates collide. Subduction zones are typically characterized by a deep oceanic trench on the seafloor and a volcanic arc on land. The descending plate, usually an oceanic plate, is subducted beneath the overriding plate, which can be either oceanic or continental.

The subduction process involves several stages. Initially, the two plates collide, causing the denser oceanic plate to bend and descend into the mantle. As it descends, the plate heats up due to the increased pressure and temperature of the mantle. This heating causes the water and other volatiles trapped in the plate to be released, contributing to the formation of magma. The magma then rises through the overriding plate, leading to volcanic activity.

Subduction zones are responsible for many of the world's most powerful earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The subduction of the oceanic plate also contributes to the formation of mountain ranges, such as the Andes in South America. Additionally, subduction zones play a crucial role in the recycling of Earth's crust and the redistribution of heat within the planet.