sprayer

A sprayer is a device that converts a liquid into a fine spray for application to a target surface or into the air. Sprayers are used in agriculture to apply pesticides and fertilizers, in horticulture and landscaping, in industry for coating and cleaning, and in public health for disinfection and pest control. They range from small hand-pumped units to large backpack, trailer-mounted, or fixed systems.

A typical sprayer comprises a reservoir, a pump or compressor, a nozzle or spray tip, a wand or spray gun, hoses or lines, filters, and a control valve. The nozzle determines the spray pattern and droplet size, with options such as solid streams, hollow-cone, full-cone, or flat-fan patterns. Some sprayers are designed for specific liquids, including water, pesticides, fertilizers, paints, or solvents, and may offer adjustable pressure and droplet settings.

Operation generally involves filling the reservoir to the recommended level, priming or pressurizing the system, adjusting the nozzle and pressure, and sweeping the spray over the target from an appropriate distance. Proper calibration helps prevent over- or under-application and reduces drift. When handling hazardous chemicals, it is important to follow label directions and use appropriate personal protective equipment.

Maintenance includes cleaning the system after use, flushing with the correct solvent or water, inspecting seals and nozzles, and replacing worn parts. Storage should prevent corrosion and contamination. Sprayers are subject to safety and environmental regulations, particularly for chemical use, to minimize exposure and ecological impact.