slijmvliezen

Slijmvliezen, also known as mucous membranes, are moist epithelial linings that cover many internal surfaces of the body, including the oral cavity, nasal passages, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract, and certain external openings such as the eyes and ears. The primary layer consists of a specialized epithelium—often pseudostratified columnar or stratified squamous—underlying a thin layer of connective tissue called the lamina propria, which supplies blood vessels, nerves, and immune cells. Over the epithelial cells, goblet cells and submucosal glands secrete mucus, a viscous fluid rich in water, glycoproteins (mucins), enzymes, antibodies, and antimicrobial peptides.

The mucus layer serves several vital functions. It provides a protective barrier that traps dust, pathogens, and chemical irritants, preventing them from penetrating deeper tissues. By keeping the surface moist, it facilitates the movement of materials such as food through the digestive tract and air through the respiratory passages. Additionally, mucus contains immunoglobulin A (IgA) and lysozyme, contributing to the innate immune defense. The vascularized lamina propria also supports rapid immune responses by delivering immune cells to sites of infection or injury.

Disorders of the slijmvliezen are common. Inflammation, termed mucositis, can result from infections (e.g., viral, bacterial, fungal), irritants, allergies, or certain medications and chemotherapy. Chronic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and ulcerative colitis involve persistent mucosal inflammation. Dysfunctional mucus production may lead to dry membrane syndromes, increasing susceptibility to infection and discomfort.

Clinical assessment of slijmvliezen includes visual inspection, endoscopic examination, and laboratory analysis of mucus composition. Treatment strategies focus on removing the underlying cause, reducing inflammation, restoring normal moisture, and supporting mucosal healing through agents such as saline rinses, mucolytics, and topical barrier protectants.