silmälihaksia

Silmälihaksia, known in English as eye muscles, refer to the group of muscles responsible for controlling the movements of the eye within the orbit. These muscles enable a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and various diagonal directions, allowing for precise and coordinated eye movements essential for vision and visual tracking.

There are six extraocular muscles that control each eye: the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, and inferior oblique. The rectus muscles primarily manage horizontal and vertical movements, while the oblique muscles facilitate rotational movements such as torsion. These muscles originate from the common tendinous ring, a fibrous ring surrounding the optic nerve at the apex of the orbit, and insert onto the sclera, the white outer layer of the eyeball.

The movement of the eye muscles is coordinated by the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III), trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV), and abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI). Proper functioning of these muscles and nerves is crucial for binocular vision, depth perception, and maintaining focus on objects within the visual field.

Disorders affecting the eye muscles, such as strabismus (misalignment of the eyes), trochlear nerve palsy, or sixth nerve palsy, can lead to impaired ocular motility and visual disturbance. Treatment for muscle dysfunction may include corrective glasses, eye muscle surgery, or vision therapy.

Overall, the eye muscles play a vital role in the complex control of eye movement, contributing to effective visual perception and overall ocular health.