scenografii

Scenografii, or scenografia in many languages, refers to the art of designing stage environments for theatre, opera, dance, film, and television. It encompasses the conception and realization of scenic space, including the arrangement of sets, props, lighting, and, in many productions, decorative surface treatment. The scenographer works to support the director's vision and dramaturgy, translate time and place, and manage the relationship between performers and the stage.

Historically, scenography has evolved from painted backdrops and perspective scenery in early modern theatres to more complex, movable sets in the 18th–19th centuries. The 20th century saw movements such as realism, modernism, and constructivism influence stage space, while contemporary practice often combines traditional craftsmanship with digital tools, projection, and multimedia installations.

Key elements include the overall concept, spatial composition and scale, built and movable structures, lighting design, and prop selection. Costumes, lighting, sound, and puppetry or multimedia may be coordinated with the scenographer to achieve coherence. The process typically starts with active collaboration with the director and dramaturg, followed by sketches, ground plans, and maquettes, then model-making, construction, painting, and rigging. Rehearsals reveal practical adjustments before final production.

Applications extend beyond theatre and opera to film, television set design, and exhibition spaces. Modern scenography increasingly relies on CAD software, 3D modeling, projection mapping, and LED installations to create versatile and immersive environments.