samaneras

Samaneras are novice monks in Buddhist monastic communities, most commonly within Theravada traditions. The term is a Pali word used for male novices who have entered the monastic life through a ceremony called pabbajjā and who commit to following a specific set of monastic rules under the guidance of senior monks. The corresponding female form is samaneri.

During the samanera stage, individuals typically observe a defined code of conduct, often described as ten precepts, and they live under vinaya discipline in a monastery or temple complex. They shave their heads, wear a simple robe, and participate in daily routines that include meditation, study of scriptures, alms round (pindapata), communal duties, and instruction from veteran monks. The period as a samanera is intended for training, self-discipline, and discernment about continuing on to full ordination.

The ultimate goal for many samaneras is upasampadā, the higher ordination to become a bhikkhu (fully ordained monk). Acceptance for full ordination depends on suitability, adherence to monastic rules, and the judgment of the monastic community. In parallel, there are samaneras within some communities who may eventually transition to other paths or return to lay life.

Age and practice can vary by country and tradition. Samaneras are most commonly found in Theravada-majority regions such as Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia, though similar novice roles appear in other Buddhist schools with local differences in ordination procedures and precepts.