rootball

Rootball is the mass of a plant's roots and the surrounding soil that is excavated together when the plant is dug up, or that remains attached to the root system during transplanting. Maintaining the rootball's integrity helps preserve a living network of roots and soil microbes, which can improve establishment after relocation.

Composition and characteristics: A rootball includes primary, secondary, and fine roots embedded in soil. The density and depth of the root mass vary by species, age, and soil type. The adhering soil can range from loam to clay, and the mass may be bound by burlap, a wire basket, or other material to prevent crumbling. The rootball’s size generally corresponds to the plant size and the extent of the root system that can be preserved without excessive damage.

Production and handling: In nurseries and landscape practice, rootballs are produced by digging with appropriate equipment, then “balling and burlapping” (B&B), or by placing roots in a basket. The goal is to keep the root system intact, protect fine roots, and minimize desiccation. After removal, rootballs are kept in shade and watered as needed until planting. For container-grown plants, the rootball forms around the pot edges and is left intact during removal.

Transplant considerations: When planting, position the rootball so that the top is at the original soil line. Firm soil around the roots to eliminate air pockets but avoid excessive compaction. Thorough watering after planting supports settlement and root contact, and mulch can help reduce evaporation. Some plants may benefit from light root pruning or careful handling to encourage new root growth.

Risks and terminology: Drying, root damage, or rough handling can undermine transplant success. Rootball-related terms include ball-and-burlap (B&B) and related methods, which emphasize transporting and planting with the rootball intact.