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Receptors are proteins or molecules located on the surface of cells or embedded within the cell membrane that are responsible for detecting and responding to specific signals, known as ligands. These signals can be chemical, physical, or biological in nature. Receptors can be found on the surface of neurons, where they play a crucial role in signal transmission and processing.

There are several types of receptors, including:

* Ionotropic receptors, which are ion channels that allow ions to flow through the cell membrane, generating electrical signals.

* Metabotropic receptors, which are G-protein coupled receptors that generate secondary messengers to transmit signals within the cell.

* Enzyme-linked receptors, which are receptors that have built-in enzymes that can catalyze chemical reactions, leading to the generation of signals.

* Transport receptors, which are receptors that are involved in the transport of molecules across cell membranes.

Receptors can be activated by a wide range of ligands, including neurotransmitters, hormones, antibodies, and other signaling molecules. The binding of a ligand to its receptor can lead to a variety of cellular responses, including the generation of action potentials, the activation of enzyme cascades, and the regulation of gene expression.

Receptors play a critical role in many biological processes, including cell growth and development, immune function, and hormone regulation. Dysregulation of receptors can lead to various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurological disorders. Understanding the structure and function of receptors is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies and targeted therapies.