pregnancys

Pregnancy refers to the condition of carrying a developing embryo or fetus in the uterus. The plural form is pregnancies. In humans, gestation lasts about 40 weeks from the last menstrual period and is divided into three trimesters: first (weeks 1–12), second (weeks 13–27), and third (weeks 28–40).

Fetal development proceeds from fertilization to birth, with organ formation in the first trimester, growth in the second, and maturation in the third. Prenatal care aims to monitor health, screen for problems, and promote a healthy pregnancy through nutrition, avoidance of harmful substances, and appropriate activity.

Common signs include a missed period, nausea, fatigue, breast changes, and increased urination. Diagnosis is via pregnancy testing (urine or blood hCG) and ultrasound for dating. Prenatal care typically includes regular visits, folic acid supplementation, recommended vaccinations, and screening for fetal anatomy and maternal conditions.

Outcomes vary. Most pregnancies end in live birth, but risks include miscarriage (loss before 20 weeks), stillbirth (loss after 20 weeks), preterm birth, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and placenta problems. Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets) have higher risk and require closer monitoring.

Delivery may be vaginal or by cesarean section. After birth, newborn care and maternal recovery are priorities, with lactation support commonly involved. The study of pregnancies encompasses medical, ethical, and social aspects and varies across individuals and cultures.