postganglionáris

Postganglionic refers to a specific part of the nervous system, particularly within the autonomic nervous system. It describes neurons whose cell bodies are located in autonomic ganglia and whose axons extend to innervate target organs or tissues. These neurons are called postganglionic because they are situated distal to the ganglion, meaning they come after it in the neural pathway.

In the sympathetic nervous system, postganglionic neurons typically release norepinephrine (noradrenaline) as their primary neurotransmitter, affecting functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. In the parasympathetic nervous system, postganglionic neurons primarily release acetylcholine, influencing activities like salivation, digestion, and slowing heart rate. The synapse between a postganglionic neuron and its target organ is crucial for transmitting signals that regulate involuntary bodily functions. The structure and function of these postganglionic neurons are essential for maintaining homeostasis and responding to environmental changes.