phototoksiske

Phototoxic reactions occur when the skin or eyes are exposed to certain chemicals or substances that, when activated by sunlight, cause damage to the skin or eyes. This damage can range from mild irritation to severe burns and even blindness. Phototoxic reactions are a type of photoallergy, where the body's immune system reacts to a substance that has been activated by light.

The substances that cause phototoxic reactions are known as phototoxins. These can be found in a variety of sources, including plants, medications, and industrial chemicals. Some common examples of phototoxins include psoralens, found in certain plants like ferns and parsley, and methotrexate, a medication used to treat certain types of cancer.

The mechanism behind phototoxic reactions involves the absorption of light by the phototoxin, which then causes the release of reactive oxygen species. These reactive species can damage cells, leading to inflammation, redness, and other symptoms. In severe cases, phototoxic reactions can cause permanent damage to the skin or eyes.

Prevention of phototoxic reactions involves avoiding exposure to known phototoxins and taking precautions when using substances that may contain them. This can include wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen, and avoiding prolonged exposure to sunlight. If a phototoxic reaction does occur, it is important to seek medical attention immediately to prevent further damage.