participiivin

Participiivi is a verb form found in Finnish, Estonian, and some other Uralic languages. It serves a similar function to participles in English, acting as an adjective or a noun. In Finnish, participiivi is used to describe a noun or to form a compound word. For example, "rakastunut" (fallen in love) is a participiivi that describes the state of being in love. In Estonian, participiivi is used to form compound verbs, such as "õppima hakata" (to start studying), where "hakata" is a participiivi.

Participiivi can be active or passive, depending on the verb's transitivity. Active participiivi describes the subject of the verb, while passive participiivi describes the object. For instance, in Finnish, "rakastava" (loving) is an active participiivi, while "rakastettu" (loved) is a passive participiivi.

In some Uralic languages, participiivi can also function as a gerund, expressing the ongoing or completed action of the verb. For example, in Finnish, "juoksemassa" (running) is a gerund formed from the participiivi "juokseva" (running).

Participiivi is an important part of the morphology of Uralic languages, contributing to their rich and complex systems of word formation and expression.