parodontologie

Parodontologie, or periodontology, is a dental specialty devoted to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and conditions affecting the periodontium—the gingiva (gums), periodontal ligament, cementum, and the supporting alveolar bone. It also concerns the health of tissues around dental implants and the management of peri-implant diseases. The primary goal is to preserve natural teeth by maintaining the structure and function of the tooth-supporting apparatus and preventing tooth loss.

The most common conditions are gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is reversible gum inflammation caused by plaque buildup. Periodontitis involves inflammatory destruction of the supporting tissues, with attachment and bone loss that can lead to tooth mobility and loss if untreated. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, certain medications, genetic predisposition, and poor plaque control. Diagnosis relies on probing depths and attachment levels, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility, radiographs, and overall risk assessment.

Treatment ranges from non-surgical to surgical. Non-surgical therapy includes scaling and root planing, improved plaque control, and local or systemic antimicrobials when indicated. Surgical options may involve flap surgery, regenerative procedures (bone grafts, guided tissue regeneration), and soft tissue grafts. For implants, management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis is part of periodontology. Long-term success depends on regular periodontal maintenance and modification of risk factors.

Parodontologie emphasizes prevention through patient education, regular professional care, and collaboration with general dentistry and prosthodontics to preserve dentition and overall health.