parodontale

Parodontale, commonly referred to as periodontal in English, describes the tissues that surround and support the teeth and the dental specialty that focuses on the health of these tissues. It encompasses the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and conditions affecting the periodontium.

The periodontium consists of the gingiva (gums), the periodontal ligament, cementum, and the alveolar bone that surrounds and stabilizes tooth roots. The cementoenamel junction marks the border between the tooth’s crown and root. Together, these structures provide attachment, support, and a seal against infection.

Functionally, the periodontium anchors teeth in the jaw, absorbs and distributes chewing forces, and protects the underlying bone. Healthy periodontal tissue is resilient and maintains the proper relationship between teeth and surrounding structures, enabling stable occlusion and overall oral health.

Common conditions include gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums usually caused by plaque buildup and characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding. If plaque remains unchecked, it can progress to periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that causes taker attachment loss, bone loss, pocket formation, tooth mobility, and potentially tooth loss.

Diagnosis relies on a clinical periodontal examination, including probing pocket depths, assessment of bleeding on probing, and radiographs to evaluate bone levels. Classification of disease severity informs treatment and prognosis.

Management emphasizes meticulous plaque control and professional care. Non-surgical therapy (scaling and root planing) is often first-line, followed by surgical procedures (flap surgery, regenerative techniques) when needed. Ongoing maintenance, including regular cleanings and monitoring, is essential. Prevention focuses on good oral hygiene, interdental cleaning, smoking cessation, diabetes control, and regular dental visits to reduce risk factors and preserve periodontal health.