ovvero

Ovvero is an Italian conjunction or adverb used to introduce a clarification, restatement, or specification. It denotes a sharpening of the previous idea and is commonly translated as “that is to say,” “namely,” or “or rather” in English.

In use, ovvero typically follows a general statement and introduces a more precise formulation or an alternative way of understanding it. It is often set off by commas and can connect clauses or precede a noun phrase that specifies what was meant. For example: “Si tratta di un incontro pubblico, ovvero un convegno aperto a tutti.” In this sense, ovvero is closer to a reformulation than to a simple addition.

Nuance and register: ovvero is common in formal or written Italian, including journalism, academic writing, and legal or technical texts. In everyday speech, speakers more frequently use cioè or ossia, depending on the context. Ovvero tends to emphasize a clarification that refines or corrects the preceding idea rather than simply restating it.

Etymology and usage notes: the term is of Italian origin and functions as a connector that signals refinement or precision. It is advisable to use ovvero when the speaker or writer wants to guide the reader toward a specific, clarified interpretation. While similar to cioè and ossia, ovvero often conveys a more formal or deliberate restatement.