osmolarityrelated
Osmolarity-related refers to anything influenced by or related to osmolarity, the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution. Osmolarity is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution (Osm/L). In human physiology, osmolarity and osmolality are closely related; for practical purposes they are often treated as equivalent, though osmolality is measured per kilogram of water. The relevant solutes include electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), glucose, and urea, as well as other small molecules that generate osmotic pressure. Permeant solutes contribute to osmotic pressure but may have different effects on cell volume depending on membrane permeability.
Through osmosis, water moves across semipermeable membranes toward higher solute concentrations. An increase in extracellular osmolarity
Measurement and clinical relevance: Serum osmolality is measured directly by osmometry or estimated from common solutes
Physiological regulation: The body maintains plasma osmolality within a narrow range (~275–295 mOsm/kg) via thirst and