oceny

Oceny is the plural form of ocena in Polish, a term that covers both numerical grades and qualitative assessments. It denotes the act of evaluating something or someone and the result of that evaluation. The word comes from the Polish verb oceniać (to assess or to judge).

In the educational system, oceny are assigned to students based on performance in exams, tests, assignments, and participation. They serve as a record of achievement, inform decisions about progression and certification, and appear on reports or transcripts. The exact scale and interpretation vary by level, institution, and context, but generally higher values indicate better mastery and lower values indicate poorer performance.

In non-educational contexts, oceny are used to rate the quality, safety, or suitability of products, services, projects, or risks. Examples include oceny jakości (quality assessment), oceny ryzyka (risk assessment), and performance evaluations of employees.

In public discourse, oceny may reflect subjective judgments or standardized criteria, and debates around grading policies relate to fairness, transparency, and reliability. The concept is used across many domains to provide a structured judgment about value, performance, or risk.