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Nutrients are substances that provide nourishment essential for the growth and maintenance of life. They are broadly classified into two categories: macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients, required in larger quantities, include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. Proteins are vital for building and repairing tissues, as well as for many metabolic processes. Fats are essential for energy storage, insulation, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Micronutrients, needed in smaller amounts, encompass vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are organic compounds that play crucial roles in various bodily functions, such as immune response, cell growth, and energy production. They are typically classified as fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B vitamins, C). Minerals are inorganic elements that are also essential for numerous physiological processes, including bone health, nerve function, and fluid balance. Examples include calcium, iron, potassium, and zinc.

A balanced diet containing a variety of foods from different food groups ensures an adequate intake of all necessary nutrients. Deficiencies in certain nutrients can lead to various health problems and diseases, while excessive intake of some can also be detrimental. Understanding the role and importance of each nutrient is fundamental to maintaining good health and well-being.