nontheists

Nontheists are people who do not hold or express belief in a god or gods, or who do not identify with theistic religious traditions. The term is generally used as a broad, neutral umbrella rather than as a fixed philosophical position. Within the category of nontheists, positions range from explicit atheism (belief that no gods exist) to agnosticism (the view that knowledge of gods is uncertain or unknowable) to secular nonreligious identities and freethought. Some individuals and groups describe themselves as nontheist to emphasize absence of belief in gods rather than acceptance of a specific non-theistic creed.

Use and scope: The label is common in sociological and religious studies to discuss people who are non-religious or non-theistic without forcing a single stance on deity existence. It can include atheists, agnostics, secular humanists, and those who reject organized religion but retain cultural or ethical practices. It also encompasses non-theistic religious traditions where belief in deities is not central.

Demographics and variation: Nontheism is uneven across regions and is influenced by cultural, political, and historical contexts. Surveys in Europe, North America, and parts of Asia show sizable or growing unaffiliated populations, with younger cohorts often more likely to identify as nonreligious or nontheist.

Criticism and nuance: Some critics argue that “nontheist” can blur important distinctions between atheism and agnosticism or between nonreligion and marginal spiritual identities. Proponents say it clarifies a lack of belief in gods and a stance outside theistic systems.

Related terms: atheism, agnosticism, secularism, nonreligion, humanism, freethought.