nifedipina

Nifedipine is a medication belonging to the class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It is primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and certain types of chest pain (angina). By relaxing blood vessels, nifedipine helps to improve blood flow and reduce the workload of the heart. It is available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations, with the latter designed to maintain steady drug levels in the body over time.

As a calcium channel blocker, nifedipine works by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions into smooth muscle cells, particularly those in the heart and blood vessels. This action leads to vasodilation, the widening of blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure and improves coronary artery blood flow. The drug is often prescribed for angina pectoris (chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart) and may also be used to prevent migraines, though its use for this purpose is less common.

Common side effects of nifedipine include headache, dizziness, flushing, and peripheral edema (swelling in the legs and ankles). More serious adverse effects, though rare, may include hypotension (low blood pressure), heart palpitations, or worsening angina. Nifedipine should be used with caution in individuals with liver disease, as its metabolism occurs primarily in the liver. Pregnant women should avoid nifedipine unless absolutely necessary, as it may affect fetal development.

The medication is typically administered orally, with dosing adjusted based on individual response and medical condition. Extended-release tablets should not be crushed or chewed, as this can alter the drug’s release profile. Nifedipine may interact with other medications, including certain antibiotics, antifungal drugs, and grapefruit juice, which can increase its levels in the blood. Patients should consult their healthcare provider before combining nifedipine with other treatments.

Nifedipine was first synthesized in the 1960s and has since become a widely used antihypertensive and antianginal agent. Its efficacy and relatively favorable side-effect profile have contributed to its continued use in cardiovascular medicine. However, newer calcium channel blockers, such as amlodipine, are often preferred due to their longer duration of action and fewer short-term side effects.